The ketogenic diet kd is a treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. Epileptic negative myoclonus and atonic seizures are the predominant seizure type in children with cryptogenic focal and. Epilepsy is a disorder that results in repeated seizures. Alternatively, it may signal nonorganic illness 8% of myoclonus is psychogenic. Therefore, it is important to be aware of this when considering a childs epilepsy diagnosis.
Myoclonicastatic epilepsy is a generalized epilepsy syndrome with multiple seizure types, including myoclonicastatic, absences, tonicclonic, and eventually tonic seizures, appearing in a previously normal child between the ages of 18 and 60months, with a peak around 3years of age guerrini and aicardi, 2003. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy pme is a group of conditions involving the central nervous system and representing more than a dozen different diseases. The cause of myoclonic astatic epilepsy is not known. Myoclonic epilepsy causes the muscles in the body to contract. Myoclonic epilepsy an overview sciencedirect topics. Mae affects boys more than girls and starts in early childhood with the first seizure usually occurring between 2 to 6 years of age. In the recent issue of the american journal of human genetics, we report on the first true gene for doose syndrome.
Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae, or doose syndrome, is an epilepsy syndrome of early childhood that is often resistant to medication. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy definition of myoclonic astatic. Welcome to our website doose syndrome epilepsy alliance. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy jme is a type of epilepsy that starts in in childhood or the teen years people who have it wake up from sleep with quick, jerking movements of their arms and legs. Current treatment of myoclonic astatic epilepsy wiley online library. Lev efficacy against myoclonic seizures has led to its off label use in a variety of conditions associated with myoclonus including postanoxic myoclonus and childhood epilepsies with myoclonic seizures 810. The objective of the study was to explore clinical, electroencephalography eeg, neuropsychological features and prognosis of myoclonicastatic epilepsy mae. After 9 years of medically resistant myoclonic seizures, extensive. Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy fame is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by a core triad of cortical tremor, multifocal myoclonus, and generalized tonicclonic seizures gtcs. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae, also known as myoclonic atonic epilepsy or doose syndrome, is a generalized idiopathic epilepsy.
Astatic epilepsy mae or doose syndrome and positive vgkc antibodies in serum. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae is an epileptic syndrome characterized by unique myoclonus, myoclonic astatic, or astatic seizures in childhood. Cortical tremor is a jerky postural and action tremor of the hands, usually with adolescent or adult onset, accompanied by neurophysiological features of. Epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow sleep electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep 119 epilepsy with myoclonic absences 121 epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures 121 epileptic encephalopathy 122 epileptogenesis secondary 122 ethosuximide zarontin 123 etiology 124 evoked potentials 125 evolution of epilepsy 127. They include jerks myoclonic seizures, sudden falls to the ground atonic or astatic seizures, or sometimes a jerk followed by a fall myoclonic astatic seizure.
In his original paper, doose reported 51 children with the now traditional clinical semiology and electroencephalographic pattern were described. Repeated unconsciousness and bilateral limb weakness lasted for 3 years. Myoclonus is a brief less than half a second contraction involving agonist and antagonist muscles, leading to a sudden jerk. The presence of myoclonicastaticatonic seizure is a characteristic and. Children often present with atonic seizures drop attacks and they often have additional seizure types including absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonicclonic seizures. Paradoxical exacerbation of myoclonic astatic seizures by levetiracetam in myoclonic astatic epilepsy yamane makke1, ghassan hmaimess2, wassim nasreddine1, ahmad fawaz1 and ahmad beydoun1 abstract background. Treatment options for epileptic myoclonus and epilepsy syndromes associated with myoclonus. Seizures can be triggered by lack of sleep, extreme.
Treatment with steroids led to resolution of seizures and. After taking whole exome sequencing, we found out that there is a. It is probably caused by a genetic abnormality but this has not been proven. Myoclonic astatic epilepsyidiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Myoclonicastatic epilepsy of early childhoodclinical and eeg analysis of myoclonic astatic seizures, and discussions on the nosology of the syndrome. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy mae is an epileptic syndrome characterized by unique myoclonus, myoclonic astatic, or astatic seizures in childhood. Myoclonic atonic epilepsy mae is also known as doose syndrome. Epilepsy and related syndromes useful organisations. Absence seizures can happen when consciousness is lost briefly. It usually starts around the ages of 18 months to 5 years and is more common in boys than girls. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy is a generalized epilepsy syndrome with multiple seizure types, including myoclonic astatic, absences, tonicclonic, and eventually tonic seizures, appearing in a previously normal child between the ages of 18 and 60months, with a peak around 3years of age guerrini and aicardi, 2003. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy epilepsy petit mal myoclonic astatic. It affects only one to 2 out of 100 children with epilepsy. Mae is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy, meaning that there is no known cause for the seizures idiopathic and the seizures originate. Ketogenic diet has been proved to be very effective on those cases. Of 327 children aged between 1 and 9 years with a diagnosis of generalized epilepsy followed between 2000 and 2008, 18 5.
Epileptic negative myoclonus and atonic seizures are the predominant seizure type in children with cryptogenic focal and generalized epilepsies including myoclonic astatic epilepsy, respectively. The incidence of myoclonicastatic epilepsy was defined by doose and sitepu. Nomenclature of genetically determined myoclonus syndromes. Cannabidiol in drug resistant pediatric epilepsy paige davies, pharm. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae is a generalized epilepsy of early childhood. It typically occurs in otherwise healthy adolescents and is characterized by the triad of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonicclonic seizures gtcs, and absence seizures. Epilepsy with myoclonicatonic seizures doose syndrome.
In even fewer instances, a fully specified epilepsy syndrome may be followed in time by another as in the case of a boy described by auvin and colleagues with myoclonic epilepsy in infancy followed by myoclonic astatic epilepsy or cases of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy following the diagnosis of mei described in the literature. A oneminute consult to over 450 key epilepsy terms a b. Different neurophysiologic patterns of myoclonus characterize. Oct 28, 2015 the modified ilae criteria for mae are. The underlying principle of the kd is to produce a state of ketosis. Myoclonic astatic seizures atonic or drop attack the myoclonic astatic seizure is rare and unique to mae, and is one of the most important and distinct features which helps distinguish it from other epilepsy syndromes.
Types of childhood epilepsy, childhood epilepsies include some of the simplest as well as the most difficult seizure types to treat. Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures previously known as epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures, or doose syndrome is a syndrome characterized by the presence of myoclonic atonic seizures in an otherwise normal child who may have a history of febrile andor afebrile seizures. Identifying the doose gene slc6a1 mutations in myoclonic. Childhood myoclonic astatic epilepsy is associated with prolonged and frequent seizures that can lead to cognitive decline 1, 2. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae of doose is a generalized epilepsy syndrome of young children characterized by multiple seizure typespredominantly myoclonic seizures ms, astatic seizures as, and myoclonic astatic seizures mas, as well as with generalized tonicclonic gtc, absence, myoclonic absence, and tonic seizures doose, 1992. In 1989, the international league against epilepsy recognized myoclonic astatic epilepsy as one of the symptomatic generalized epilepsies and laid down criteria for its diagnosis. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae, or doose syndrome, is a rare severe childhood epilepsy associated with unspecific developmental problems. Myoclonus epilepsy title research research listen research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. A sudden irregular twitching of muscles or parts of muscles, occurring in various brain disorders. Myoclonicastatic seizures doose syndrome epilepsy alliance. Levetiracetam is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug aed with proven efficacy when used as adjunctive therapy against myoclonic seizures.
Mae is typically treated with antiseizure medications that are used for generalized epilepsy syndromes, with perhaps a best response to valproate, felbamate, or the ketogenic diet. Paradoxical exacerbation of myoclonicastatic seizures by levetiracetam in myoclonic astatic epilepsy yamane makke1, ghassan hmaimess2, wassim nasreddine1, ahmad fawaz1 and ahmad beydoun1 abstract background. Those two groups meet the characteristics of childhood onset myoclonicastatic epilepsy mae with respectively, favourable and unfavourable outcome. Myoclonus epilepsy usually brings about sudden movements in both sides of the body. Epilepsy with myoclonicastatic seizures represents approximately 12% of all childhood epilepsies kaminska et al. Both early seizure onset and the focal spike discharges. Myoclonic seizures may be activated by photic stimulation in some patients, others may have myoclonic seizures that are induced by sudden noise or touch. The objective of the study was to explore clinical, electroencephalography eeg, neuropsychological features and prognosis of myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae. This is potentially important as the first two categories need to \. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy doose syndrome pediatric focus. These diseases share certain features, including a worsening of symptoms over time and the presence of both muscle contractions myoclonus and seizures epilepsy.
Myoclonic astatic epilepsy is a perplexing epilepsy syndrome that typically presents in preschool children with a fulminant onset. In this syndrome, astatic seizures defined as seizures during which the patient is unable to stand occurred suddenly, without warning, and the children collapsed onto the floor as if their legs had been pulled from under them. Quite often, there are effects on a childs development and behaviour. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a disease associated with myoclonus, epileptic seizures, and other problems with walking or speaking. It is an uncommon childhood epilepsy that accounts for 12 out of 100 of all childhoodonset epilepsies. Mae onset in patients with refractory seizures occurs earlier than in those with favorable prognosis.
It is characterized by the development of myoclonic seizures andor myoclonic astatic seizures. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy doose syndrome the epilepsy. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy genetic and rare diseases. Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers merrf is another multisystemic mitochondrial disorder, so named because of the canonical features of myoclonus, epilepsy, ataxia, and ragged red fibers on muscle biopsy.
This section provides resources to help you learn, about medical research and ways to get involved. Paradoxical exacerbation of myoclonicastatic seizures by. Myoclonus jerks, hiccups, and sleep starts are very common and happen to all normal individuals. Individual gswassociated blood oxygenation leveldependent bold signal changes were analyzed in every patient. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy and the role of the ketogenic. Idiopathic andor symptomatic listed in order of age a.
Development prior to seizure onset is usually normal. The seizures were investigated precisely by videoeeg n5, polygraph n2, and videopolygraph n23, which identified myoclonic seizures in 16 cases myoclonic. To identify neuronal networks underlying generalized spike and wave discharges gsw in myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae. Merrf syndrome is also known as myoclonic epilepsy with raggedred fibers. Search genetic and rare diseases information center. Myoclonic epilepsy synonyms, myoclonic epilepsy pronunciation, myoclonic epilepsy translation, english dictionary definition of myoclonic epilepsy. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae pediatric epilepsy syndromes. They appear spontaneously or can be triggered by inappropriate treatment. Myoclonic epilepsy definition of myoclonic epilepsy by the. Epilepsy with myoclonicastatic seizures springerlink. Early onset and focal spike discharges as indicators of poor prognosis for myoclonicastatic epilepsy. Myoclonus epilepsy definition of myoclonus epilepsy by.
Myoclonic epilepsy beginning in infancy or early childhood. A number of different antiepileptic medications may be efficacious, although phenobarbital, lamotrigine, vigabatrin, and carbamazepine may worsen the seizures in some cases. Treatment of myoclonicastatic epilepsy is often very difficult. Myoclonic seizures are the only seizure type seen at onset, although infrequent febrile seizures may also occur. Gucsavascalikoglu, in biomarkers in inborn errors of metabolism, 2017. However, there are some serious forms of myoclonus which may make activities like sleeping, eating, or talking difficult for an individual. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy was first described and identified in 1970 by herman doose as an epilepsy syndrome, hence its original label, doose syndrome. Doose syndrome mae myoclonic astatic epilepsy epilepsy. Negative myoclonus due to lapse of tone can only be demonstrated during antigravidic posture and may be combined with either a slow wave or the second, positive. Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures emas epilepsy. Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures is a rare epilepsy syndrome of early childhood. Epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures has a variable course and outcome.
It may be a normal phenomenon, as in the socalled sleep starts. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy is sometimes called doose syndrome. Genetics plays an important role in this condition, and in some cases a family history of seizures can be found. The seizures of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy often occur when people first awaken in the morning. When pathological, myoclonus is a symptom of a broad range of neurological and systemic diseases. This rare inherited disorder affects muscles cells. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy doose syndrome childhood. Patients have delayed development before the onset of seizures and show varying degrees of intellectual disability following. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae, also known as doose syndrome, is an epilepsy syndrome of early childhood usually characterized by difficult to control generalized seizures.
Spontaneous remission with normal development has been observed in a few untreated cases. The mainstays of medical therapy for myoclonic epilepsy are valproic acid sodium valproate, ethosuximide, or benzodiazepines clonazepam or clobazam. Jul 27, 2016 the first concept of myoclonicastatic epilepsy mae dates back to the 1960s when myoclonic epilepsies of early childhood were separated from infantile spasms and lennoxgastaut syndrome lgs. Prognosis was excellent when eeg findings show no focal spike discharges. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy symptoms, causes, and treatments. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy an overview sciencedirect. However, the actual genetic make up for mae is unknown. Temporal relationships between electroencephalographic eeg and.
Request pdf myoclonic astatic epilepsy and the role of the ketogenic diet the ketogenic diet remains one of the most effective treatments for medically refractory childhood epilepsy. Simultaneous eegfmri recordings were performed in children with mae. Please remove passport from wallet to read all 4 pages. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy valproic acid, levetiracetam, ketogenic diet benign myoclonic epilepsy valproic acid table 1. To study the neurophysiologic characteristics of epileptic myoclonus in patients with lennoxgastaut syndrome lgs and myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae. Epilepsy with myoclonicatonic seizures genetic and rare. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy an overview sciencedirect topics. Pgy1 pediatric focused pharmacy resident seton healthcare family weeding out the controversy. Patients have delayed development before the onset of seizures and show varying degrees of intellectual disability following seizure onset summary by carvill et al. The prominent familial aggregation together with the characteristic seizure symptomatology dominated by myoclonic and myoclonic astatic seizures led.
The epilepsy medicines that have been most successful are sodium valproate. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy nord national organization. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy epilepsy petit mal myoclonic. Genetic predisposition to severe myoclonic epilepsy in. We present two children diagnosed with epilepsy with myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae who experienced a substantial exacerbation of. Study of epileptic drop attacks in symptomatic epilepsy of early childhood differences from those in myoclonic astatic epilepsy. In 1989, the international league against epilepsy classified it formally as a symptomatic generalized epilepsy, and 20 years later it was renamed epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures. Jul 25, 2018 epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures is a rare epilepsy syndrome of early childhood. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy of early childhood definition. Delineation of cryptogenic lennoxgastaut syndrome and.
An epileptic seizure is caused by unusual electrical activity in the brain. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy jme or janz syndrome, previously impulsive petit mal, is one of the most common generalized epilepsy syndromes of childhood. Complete seizure control can be achieved in about half of the cases with antiepileptic drug treatment doose and baier 1987b. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy doose syndrome epilepsy action. Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures emas was formerly known as myoclonic astatic epilepsy mae or doose syndrome. It is usually characterised by generalised seizures, which may vary in type and frequency. To address genetic predisposition to febrile convulsions fcs and epilepsy as an etiologic background of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy smei. The authors describe the history of study of myoclonic astatic epilepsy, its prevalence. Dec 19, 2017 juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is an epilepsy syndrome characterized by myoclonic jerks quick jerks of the arms or legs, generalized tonicclonic seizures gtcss, and sometimes, absence seizures. Like myoclonic seizures, myoclonic astatic seizures also called atonic or drop attacks are sudden, single events. Seizures can be followed by drop attacks, which can lead to falls and injuries. The ketogenic diet for epilepsy learn about the diet, the. Symptomatic generalized epilepsy sge encompasses a group of challenging epilepsy syndromes. Guerrini and others published myoclonic astatic epilepsy find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcome of a contemporary mae cohort exposed to the new generation aet. Myoclonic astatic epilepsy was first clearly described as an independent epilepsy syndrome by dr hermann doose 4 in 1970. These seizures, myoclonic astatic or myoclonic atonic seizures, eventually became the defining feature of an epilepsy syndrome referred to as myoclonic astatic epilepsy or doose syndrome. Doose syndrome, otherwise traditionally known as myoclonic astatic epilepsy, was first described as a unique epilepsy syndrome by dr hermann doose in 1970. Little is known about the use of newer antiepileptic treatments aet in mae. Many studies suggest a strong genetic basis for mae. It presents in children with previously normal development but can cause some degree of mental disturbance later in life.
Epilepsy is not one specific disease, but rather a group of symptoms that are manifestations of any of a number of conditions involving overstimulation of nerve cells of the brain. Doose64 described a group of children with myoclonic and astatic seizures, often in combination with absence, generalized tonicclonic, and tonic seizures. Myoclonus is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by sudden, brief, involuntary jerks of a single or multiple muscles. Doose syndrome mae myoclonic astatic epilepsy doose syndrome is an epilepsy syndrome of childhood, that is often resistant to medication and for this reason it is typically difficult to treat. These symptoms often worsen over time and can be fatal. Myoclonic atonic epilepsy is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by onset of absence and myoclonic seizures in early childhood. Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood epileptic, cortical and thalamocortical myoclonus are combined with a spike which, when it is focal, needs backaveraging to be demonstrated. Myoclonus and epilepsy in childhood, epilepsy research 10. Children will experience drop and staring seizures, sometimes associated with falls. Myoclonicastatic epilepsy, also known as doose syndrome, is a type of idiopathic childhood epilepsy presenting with astatic as well as myoclonic component. Does autoimmunity have a role in myoclonic astatic epilepsy. Pdf study of epileptic drop attacks in symptomatic. It is characterized by seizures of many different types, most often myoclonic atonic, astatic, or generalized tonicclonic seizures.
132 1418 637 515 1315 1119 568 1266 683 1015 359 248 1168 161 1422 891 314 1430 749 1586 1248 533 659 949 337 157 974 1459 130 484 1029 1596 478 1476 177 1168 454 1356 466 881 94 539 1350 1027 184 743 488 356 397 443