To get an explosive, what we need is a rapid reaction that produces a lot of heat and gas to both cause the obvious effects of an explosion and to propagate the reaction to other molecules of explosive. This chemical reaction is not implicated in my life because it is a very dangerous reactions for. Torino, 1847 by acting with a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerin at the ordinary temperature. Aug 11, 2006 nitroglycerin is probably the most wellknown liquid explosive. Nitroglycerin, also called glyceryl trinitrate, 1,2,3propanetriol trinitrate, nitrin, nitrol or blasting oil, c 3 h 5 no 3 3, is a very unstable, shocksensitive highexplosive. New developments and application in chemical reaction engineering. May react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. Confirm your knowledge of nitroglycerin with an interactive quiz and printable worksheet.
The rapid part is what separates something like tnt from toluene. The swedish chemist alfred nobel 18331896 founded the nobel prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin. We all know a bunch of compounds with no2 groups attached such as nitroglycerin and tnt, and i understand they are very explosive. Explosive behaviour of ammonium perchlorate sciencedirect. Terrorists tested the explosive in the mid1990s as part of a plot to bomb 11 airliners over the pacific ocean, which was ultimately. Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. Nitroglycerin extendedrelease capsules are used to prevent chest pain angina in people with a certain heart condition coronary artery disease. Nitroglycerin ng, also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin tng, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate gtn, or 1,2,3trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester. When the small amount of energy is intoroduced a decomposition reaction occurs.
Nitroglycerin is a nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. Naval ordnance laboratory, white oak, silver spring, maryland the detonatability and detonation velocity of ammonium perchlorate ap were studied as functions of diameter, loading density and particle size. The reaction proceeds in several stages, mono, diand finally trinitrate being produced, the final stage requiring. The explosive nitroglycerin c3h5n3o9 decomposes rapidly upon ignition or sudden impact according to the following balanced equation. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and chloroform. Fifth or later edition edition january 1, 1998 language. Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive th. Enthalpy of reaction the sum of all enthalpy of formation of all products the sum of all enthalpy of formation of all reactants 4c3h5n3o9l. Chemically, the substance is an organic nitrate compound rather than. Straight dynamite nitroglycerin in an absorbent, with. Nitroglycerine and experimented with it, i feel qualified to answer. A guide book for first responders during the initial phase of a dangerous goodshazardous.
It was a seemingly normal thursday morning on june 9, 1927 in the lick hill village just outside of the city of butler, pennsylvania. He then asked what i would do if the pain continued. Nitroglycerin is incompatible with heat, ozone, shock, acids. Nitroguanidine is an organic compound with the formula nh 2 2 cnno 2. Nitroglycerin is an oily liquid that may explode when subjected to heat, shock, or flame. Jan 05, 2017 imagine a substance so powerful that it could blow you to bits or save your life depending on how you used it. Nitroglycerin, c3h5n033 or ch 2 no 3 chno 3 ch2n03 glyceryl trinitrate, an explosive first obtained in 1846 by ascanio sobrero mem. But have you ever wondered how explosive this colorless. The relative calm of the summer morning was suddenly shattered, however, when a truck carrying nitroglycerin destined for oil well drilling operations exploded while the truck was leaving the main highway and entering a side road.
Nitroglycerin is an organic compound that is commonly used in explosives and also as a medicine. These practice questions will help you study while you. Prior to 1867, nitroglycerine was shipped as a liquid. Nitroglycerin, also called glyceryl trinitrate, a powerful explosive and an important ingredient of most forms of dynamite. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole. The stack of paper which was destroyed by the final, large reaction was a copy of the usa patriot act. Initiation of detonation in liquid explosives by a reflected shock wave andrew j. It is moderately soluble in both water and organic solvents and the solubility quickly increases on warming. Nitroglycerin decomposes explosively according to the reaction the difference between nitroglycerin as used in dynamite and that used as medicine nonexplosive is actually the same as the difference between dynamite and pure nitroglycerin, which was used for blasting before dynamite was invented. It must be duly executed in triplicate by the carrier, and by the shipper if he loads the shipments. He named this explosive dynamite and patented it in 1867. Nitroglycerin mechanism of action, nitroglycerin uses. The incident and reflected shock temperatures are estimated.
Since the molecule contains oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, when it explodes a lot of energy is released as the atoms rearrange to form new molecules with strong, stable bonds, like n 2 and co. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures. It is a solvent for nitrocellulose, and the resulting gel is known as blasting gelatine blasting jelly. Nitroglycerin, a powerful explosive and an important ingredient of most forms of dynamite. Explains each reaction and process with diagrams and pathways on screen.
Jan 09, 2008 dynamite uses the explosive chemical nitroglycerin, ch2ono2chono2ch2ono2. Nfpa ratings shown are for nitroglycerin, cas number 55630. For example, nitroglycerin is a primary explosive, while tnt is a secondary explosive. The effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. The reaction rate is much faster with a 2% solution of n2o5 in hno3. Find out information about nonnitroglycerin explosive. Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive.
Nitroglycerin, solution in alcohol, with more than 1% but not more than 5% nitroglycerin may react vigorously with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. It is highly sensitive to impact, but incomplete detonation. It is the nitric acid 1 triester of glycerol 2 and is more correctly called glycerol trinitrate. My neuro talked to me quite a bit about this before i started on copaxone because i have had a heart attack. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that melts at 232 c and decomposes at 250 c.
It is also used with nitrocellulose in some propellants, especially for rockets and missiles, and it is employed as a vasodilator in the easing of cardiac pain. For many warheads that energy is stored in the form of chemical explosives. The calculated detonation velocity of this salt is 9066 msec, with calculated detonation pressure of 332 kbar, the detonation velocity was experimentally measured and is consistent with the calculated value. The oxygen carriers assist in preventing a lowering of the exploding temperature. It is the speed of the decomposition reaction which makes nitroglycerin such a violent explosive. Engineer shows us just how explosive nitroglycerin is. It is used as a propellant air bags, fertilizer, and for other purposes. Nitroglycerin is a pale yellow liquid or crystalline solid below c. Nitroglycerin is a powerful explosive, similar to ethylene glycol dinitrate. Unlike burning, which can only travel as fast as the flame front can move through the material, high explosives are decomposed almost instantaneously by a supersonic shock wave passing through the material. Massive explosive chain reaction at 200,000fps the slow mo guys duration. A rapid and exothermic evolution of gaseous species is produced. Nitroglycerin works by relaxing the muscles surrounding blood vessels arteries and veins and so helps more blood and oxygen reach the heart while reducing its work load.
Imagine a substance so powerful that it could blow you to bits or save your life depending on how you used it. Nitroglycerin is the active ingredient in dynamite and has applications in medicine. Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all. If the reaction proceeds slowly, the released energy will be dissipated and there will be few noticeable effects other than an increase in temperature. Thanks for contributing an answer to chemistry stack exchange. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a nitric oxide donor, an explosive, a prodrug, a tocolytic agent, a muscle relaxant and a xenobiotic. What is the chemical reaction equation for dynamite. Nonnitroglycerin explosive article about nonnitroglycerin. From available commercial material, and with the right basic knowledge, it doesnt take too much expertise, said tal hanan, a security. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and lead azide, explosive. From these values, ammonium dinitroguanidine shows greater explosive performance than hmx. Albright, in cleanup of chemical and explosive munitions second edition, 2012.
Nitroglycerin is wellknown for its explosive properties and remains an active ingredient in the creation of explosives such as dynamite. Nitroglycerine meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Nitroglycerin is an oily, colourless liquid, but also a high explosive that is so unstable that the slightest jolt, impact or friction can cause it to spontaneously detonate. It decomposes explosively, yielding n2, co, h2o, and o2. Unnamed sources have stated that the attackers planned to mix a liquid dyed to resemble a sports drink with a peroxide gel to create an explosive substance. Dinitroguanidine dissolved in water solution, slowly hydrolyzes after prolonged standing to precipitate nitroguanidine.
They may have planned to use explosives that require the mixing of two different liquids in order to start the reaction. Nitroglycerin auch nitroglyzerin, glycerintrinitrat oder glyceroltrinitrat, auch. Feb 15, 2015 having made batches of glycerol trinitrate a. My question is why are they so explosive, what leads to that high power expulsion of energy. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. The onset of reaction in pure nitromethane is observed at temperatures above 940 k. This reaction appears to be accentuated by alcohol. In this video, the high explosive nitroglycerin is synthesized. The reaction proceeds in several stages, mono, diand finally trinitrate being produced. Nitroglycerin explosion of 1927 butler county historical. Find patient medical information for nitroglycerin oral on webmd including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a nitric oxide donor, an explosive, a prodrug, a tocolytic agent, a muscle. Oxygen carriers assure complete oxidation of the carbon in the explosive mixture, which inhibits the formation of carbon monoxide.
As a result nitroglycerin is highly dangerous to transport or handle. Many plants were built in europe and the united states for the manufacture of this type of explosive, mostly using potassium chlorate, but so far as can be determined, all of. Dynamit besteht aus 75 % nitroglycerin als explosiver komponente, 24,5. The swedish chemist alfred nobel 18331896 founded the nobel prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin and inert ingredients that was safe to handle. What is the chemical reaction equation for dynamite explosion nitroglycerin. What is happening as a result of the physical shock that sets off the explosive reaction. Alfred nobel developed the use of nitroglycerin as a blasting explosive by mixing nitroglycerin with inert absorbents, particularly kieselguhr, or diatomaceous earth. In a nutshell, your intuition about the nitro group is accurate. This reaction may include high blood pressure, change in heart rate, skin color changes paleness, redness, bluegrey skin color, and excessive sweating.
They were mixed with various solid and liquid fuels. Jul 28, 2011 best rock songs vietnam war music best rock music of all time 60s and 70s rock playlist duration. Chemistry stack exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive that violently decomposes when it is shaken or dropped. An explosive which contains tnt instead of nitroglycerin to sensitize ammonium nitrate, and a little aluminum powder may also be added to increase the power. Its chemical composition is propane1,2,3triyl trinitrate, a glycerol molecule with three nitro groups substituents on the hydroxy groups. Like the inaccuracy of the commonly used name, the popular reputation of glycerol trinitrate is also very misleading. It is very flammable, but has a low impact sensitivity.
Engineer shows us just how explosive nitroglycerin is using a. Interest in the chlorates and perchlorates salts of chloric or perchloric acid as a base for explosives dates back to 1788. If allowed to dry out, the remaining nitroglycerin is explosive. Canada has built jet impingement reactors for producing nitrobenzene, with a 10fold increase in reaction rate. Nov 07, 2014 the explosive nitroglycerin c3h5n3o9 decomposes rapidly upon ignition or sudden impact according to the following balanced equation.
Nitroglycerine was invented in 1846 by ascanio sobrero, albert nobel designed a blasting cap that made use of the explosive almost. Nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine explosives naoum, phokion on. Since the molecule contains oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, when it explodes a lot of energy is released as the atoms rearrange to form new molecules with strong, stable. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. Explosive reactions there are many chemical reactions that will release energy. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or by spontaneous chemical reaction. Autonomic hyperreflexia images central nervous system autonomic hyperreflexia is a reaction of the autonomic involuntary nervous system to overstimulation. Despite the explosive nature of this compound, it can be used to treat chest. Chemical reaction of dynamite by armand istanboulian on prezi.
Chemical reaction of dynamite by armand istanboulian dynamite reacts by combustion which means it gives off heat when it reacts. He asked me what i would do if i had this reaction and i told him i would take a nitroglycerin tab and wait five minutes. Nitroglycerin belongs to the group of medicines called nitrates. A lower heat of explosion means a lower energy output and thereby less efficient blasting. Nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine explosives phokion naoum on. Graves, newcastle, california the history of nitroglycerin and the central pacific railroad is an interesting one, as much has been made of the many workers killed using this new explosive in the building of the pacific railroad.
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